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Sun, Sweat, and Sheep Bones: Zooarchaeology at Gird-I Matrab

Madeline Conigliaro-Nguyen, 2024 Eric and Carol Meyers Scholarship for Fieldwork Participation

My second season at the Gird-I Matrab project from May to June 2024 was an opportunity to continue to develop my in-field experience and zooarchaeology-related skills, thanks to the wonderful support of Dr. Eric and Dr. Carol Meyers, ñ, director Prof. Rocco Palermo (Bryn Mawr College) and co-director Prof. Nathalie Brusgaard (Leiden University). My primary responsibility on the team for the 2024 season was to continue as the zooarchaeology assistant. Under the instruction and mentorship of Prof. Brusgaard (who was remote this year), I cared for and managed the faunal remains collected on-site. This included processing and cataloging the faunal material for later study seasons.

Fig. 1. GMAP 2024 project team in Ankawa, Erbil. (©Federico Dalla Battista)
Fig. 1. GMAP 2024 project team in Ankawa, Erbil. (©Federico Dalla Battista)

Gird-I Matrab, located in the Erbil Plains of Kurdistan Region of Iraq, is a site consisting of multiple low mounds with two major phases of occupation, the Late Chalcolithic period and the Seleucid period. Excavation in areas A and B, begun during the previous two seasons, continued in 2024. This season Gird-I Matrab also expanded operations with the goal of doing a sounding and determining the stratigraphic sequence at Area C. Early subsurface findings changed our plans, resulting in more intense excavation of Area C than originally intended.

Fig. 2. GMAP 2024 site topographic map. (©GMAP)
Fig. 2. GMAP 2024 site topographic map. (©GMAP)

The saying ‘The early bird gets the worm’ rings true for both our avian friends and archaeologists in the heat of Southwest Asia. Everything begins bright and early, with a 3:30 am wake-up for breakfast, and a 4:30 am departure to reach the field within the hour. Most of my time was spent in Area A as a trench assistant. When needed I would assist in extracting particularly fragile remains, identification, and updating in-field bone logs. Generally, I worked per the direction of trench supervisors excavating, cleaning, bagging, and tagging, and discussing stratigraphic context. One thing no one prepares you for is the challenge of distinguishing crumbling mudbricks from dirt, especially with the sun’s glare making it feel nearly impossible most days. Thanks to the patience of my trench supervisors and a good pair of sunglasses, however, I ended this season feeling much more confident in identifying features, a goal I had set for myself this year.

Fig. 3 . Sunrise photo at area A (Left) Baby birds nested on project site between areas (Right)
Fig. 3. Sunrise photo at Area A (Left). Baby birds nested on project site between areas (Right).

I processed the faunal remains for all three areas once they were brought back to the field house. Though a bit tedious, it is incredibly rewarding to understand human history one fragment at a time. Bones were cleaned carefully and laid out to dry over a minimum of 24 hours. Identifiable bones were recorded with species, bone type, side, and taphonomic markings when applicable. The common animals identified remained consistent with previous seasons’ findings, including sheep (Ovis aries), goat (Capra hircus), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), equids (Equus sp.), and cattle (Bos taurus). After a unit was closed, all faunal materials were counted, weighed, and photographed as necessary. Bone samples for carbon-14 dating were selected by collaborative effort between directors and trench supervisors. At the end of the season, I wrote the preliminary faunal findings for the 2024 season field report.

Fig. 4 . Selection o f faunal remains from Area C ( SU 1030 ). (©GMAP)
Fig. 4. Selection of faunal remains from Area C (SU 1030). (©GMAP)

This year, I wanted to explore 3-D modeling during my free time as I felt it would be worthwhile to create an accessible and digitized reference collection of diagnostic pieces that were best preserved or particularly notable. Using Polycam, a photogrammetry modeling mobile application, I took detailed photos from all angles which were stitched together using the program to create 3-D models. This process was a lot of trial and error from figuring out how to make sure the background wasn’t incorporated in the result, to finding proper lighting for the bone details to show. I hope to continue building this digitized reference collection for future teaching and project-related applications. I also would like to use this newfound skill to continue creating bone models for zooarchaeological purposes. I am incredibly passionate about accessible and open-access resources, and I believe the digitization of collections is one of the most attainable ways to do so.

Fig. 5 . 3D model of right maxilla with DP3 - M1 dentition of a sub - adult pig ( Sus scrofa domesticus ), from Area A ( SU 1221 ).
Fig. 5. 3D model of right maxilla with DP3-M1 dentition of a sub-adult pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), from Area A (SU 1221).

Of course, as hard as this team worked on-site, we equally had fun off-site! We explored an assortment of different places including spending a night in Duhok, visiting the Faida rock reliefs, exploring the bazaar, and a special tour inside the Erbil citadel. My favorite place to date that I visited is the Lalish Temple. Located in a mountain valley in the Nineveh province, the Lalish temple has a sacred significance and is an important pilgrimage site for the Yazidi religion. I felt a sense of peace while walking through the village, along with the kindness of the devotees who had come to worship. We got the opportunity to sit for chai and tour parts of the temple, taking time to experience the diversity of religion and culture.

Fig. 6 . General photo of Lalish (Left) Depiction of peacock angel Tawûsî Melek (Middle) Olive Oil Jars (Right) .
Fig. 6 . General photo of Lalish (Left). Depiction of peacock angel Tawûsî Melek (Middle). Olive Oil Jars (Right).

My time spent with the Gird-I Matrab project over the past two seasons has been essential in my development as an archaeologist and for my excavation skills. I have been able to learn so much about the Northern Mesopotamian region and participate in an excavation project that has supported my developing interest in zooarchaeology. Thanks to our incredible international collaborative group of researchers, the 2024 season had another year of successful excavation. I am committed to utilizing all I have learned while on-site for my future academic pursuits in archaeology and want to extend a final thank you to all those who have supported and shaped my journey during the 2024 season at Gird-I Matrab.

Fig. 7 . Photo of Madeline Conigliaro - Nguyen on Area A. (©Federico Dalla Battista)
Fig. 7. Photo of Madeline Conigliaro-Nguyen on Area A. (©Federico Dalla Battista)

Madeline Conigliaro-Nguyen graduated with her MA from the University of Chicago in 2023. She continues to participate in several archaeology projects in the Kurdistan Region with the intention of applying for graduate school this year. Her primary research interest is in zooarchaeology in Southwest Asia, with a focus on human-animal relationships, particularly as they pertain to ancient ontologies, subsistence strategies, and the social and ritual roles of animals. To learn more about the project, !

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